How and when to properly feed a pear

The pear tree requires regular maintenance, only in this case it will grow well, develop and bear fruit. Fertilizing is one of the most important places in the agricultural technology of this culture. The quantity and composition of fertilizers, as well as the method of their application depend on the time of year and the stage of plant vegetation. Only compliance with the rules of agricultural technology will allow you to grow a healthy tree and get large yields of quality fruits.

The main types of fertilizers for feeding pears

Often, gardeners prefer to do without mineral additives, believing that they can harm plants and human health. But in the absence of control over the amount of organic fertilizers applied, their use will be no less dangerous than the use of agrochemicals. If you strictly adhere to the recommended dose, then mineral fertilizers in some cases will bring more benefits than organic.

Nitrogen

Nitrogen supplements for the pear are introduced in the spring, so that the tree has time to grow a lush and healthy crown, and in summer top dressing - to stimulate the development of fruit ovaries. A deficiency of this substance in a tree entails premature yellowing and falling of leaves. No less harm is caused by the introduction of increased doses of this element:

• increased growth of young shoots, while all the forces of the plant should go to bear fruit;
• accumulation in fruits of an increased amount of nitrates;
• root burns.

When feeding pears, nitrogen fertilizers must be used strictly according to the instructions. These include:

• urea;
• ammonium nitrate;
• ammonium sulfate;
• sodium nitrate (sodium nitrate).

Urea is a concentrated nitrogen fertilizer, which is why it is often used to prevent and treat nitrogen deficiency in plants.

Urea is used to prevent and treat nitrogen deficiency.

Phosphorus

In nature, phosphorus is practically not found in a form accessible to plants. Without this element, they absorb nitrogen poorly; good growth and development of roots, flowering and fruiting of a tree are impossible.

In organic fertilizers - manure, bird droppings - phosphorus is also extremely small. This leads to the use of mineral phosphorus compounds for root and foliar top dressing.

For fertilizing pears, it is recommended to add simple or double superphosphate, as well as phosphate rock.

Mineral phosphorus fertilizers contain phosphorus in a form easily digestible by plants

Potassium

Potassium is especially needed for young pears for good growth and development. In adult trees, this element enhances immunity, helps to survive summer drought and winter frosts, and improves the keeping quality of fruits.

As a root top dressing, potassium is applied in the fall, so that by spring the fertilizer will completely decompose in the soil, and it will become available to plants. It is also used as part of foliar phosphorus-potassium top dressing in the summer. Potash fertilizers recommended for use (mixtures of one-component fertilizers) are potassium sulfate, potassium salt.

Potassium sulfate is often used for foliar feeding pears.

Complex fertilizers

The main nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) can be introduced in the form of single-component formulations, which were described above, but it is much more convenient to use ready-made complex fertilizers:

• nitroammophosco;
• nitrophosco;
• ammophos;
• diammophos.

They may include magnesium and sulfur, as well as various trace elements.

Spring spraying of the crown with complex fertilizers stimulates the growth of fruit trees, strengthens the immune system, improves fruiting. It is used to feed young and adult trees.

Photo gallery: complex fertilizers

Organic fertilizer

Organic fertilizers - a natural product of the vital activity of living organisms, rich in nutrients in a form easily digestible for plants. They also beneficially affect the soil, transforming its structure and activating the activity of bacteria.

For experienced gardeners, it is no secret that pears prefer organic fertilizers.

Manure and humus

Manure is a complete organic fertilizer that contains all the nutrients necessary for a plant. Ammonia is always present in the fresh substance, therefore, its introduction into the soil can damage the roots of the tree, especially for young three-year-old pears.

In no case can not be brought under the plant fresh manure, only rotted.

//derevoved.com/udobrenie-i-podkormka-sada

It takes about 2-3 years to turn fresh manure into high-quality top dressing. Humus is great for pears. Depending on the characteristics of the soil, the amount of fertilizer applied may be 6-10 kg / m².

Humus contains the largest number of elements necessary for the plant

Bird droppings

Such nitrogen top dressing as bird droppings is introduced exclusively in the spring during tree growth, fertilizing the soil in the near-stem circle. It is important to remember that undiluted fresh fertilizer can burn the roots.

In order not to injure the root system of the tree, chicken droppings are preliminarily fermented:

1. About 1-1.5 kg of dry chicken droppings are placed in a ten-liter bucket.
2. 3-4 water is added.
3. Leave for 1-2 days for fermentation.
4. Add water to the very edge and mix thoroughly.

Such top dressing will not harm the roots of the trees in your garden.

If stored incorrectly, nitrogen in fresh litter turns into ammonia, so it is better to use dry litter, nitrogen is completely stored in it.

Dry fertilizer can be applied immediately if you dilute it in water in a ratio of 1:20.

Chicken droppings must not be applied fresh to the soil.

Wood ash

Ash is a valuable organic fertilizer that increases the acidity of the soil, successfully replaces potash compounds. In addition, it contains many micro and macro elements:

• calcium;
• magnesium;
• iron;
• sulfur;
• zinc.

One glass of ash replaces 10 g of any potash fertilizer. After using the substance, a positive effect on plants lasts up to 3 years.

After application of wood ash, a positive effect on plants lasts up to 3 years

Spring-summer feeding pears

The standard scheme of spring-summer top dressing includes 3 root and 2 foliar top dressings:

• the first spring - with the beginning of the awakening of the kidneys;
• the second spring - in the flowering phase;
• third spring - after the falling of inflorescences;
• summer foliar top dressing of a pear - at the end of June;
• the second summer foliar top dressing - in July.

Spring fertilizer

In the spring, as soon as the buds wake up in the trees, it is advisable to feed them.

For the first 3 spring dressings of the pear, nitrogen-containing compounds are used that have a beneficial effect on the growth of the tree:

• in early spring, nitrogen helps build a lush crown;
• in the second top dressing - induces the formation of inflorescences, on which the future crop depends;
• in the third top dressing - prevents the falling of ovaries and stimulates the development of quality fruits.

Spring top dressing of the pear is carried out only by the root method.

Fertilizers are applied to adult trees in grooves with a depth of 20-30 cm, which are made along the perimeter of the crown, after which the trunk circle is abundantly watered. Liquid fertilizers are also introduced into the groove, followed by watering.

After top dressing, the trunk circle is watered

For all root dressings that are carried out in the spring, you can use one of the proposed compositions:

• 200 g of urea / 10 l of water for 2 adult pears;
• 30 g of ammonium nitrate / 10 l of water for 2 pears;
• 500 g of bird droppings / 10 l of water - insist a day and pour 5 l on 1 pear;
• 80-120 g of urea (urea) / 5 l of water, water one tree;
• humus is introduced into the trunk circle for digging at the rate of 3-5 kg ​​per 1 m².

In the first two spring dressings, simple mineral fertilizers with nitrogen are more often used. In the third top dressing, which is carried out immediately after the end of the flowering phase, it is better to use complete complex fertilizers, for example, 50 g of nitroammophoski / 10 l of water per 1 m² of stem circle - approximately 30 l per 1 pear.

Organic fertilizers are applied once every 3 years, mineral fertilizers can be used every year.

Feeding a young pear, including a 3-year-old

In the first two years of life, a young pear, as a rule, is not fertilized, since all the necessary substances were laid during planting. Feeding begins at the age of three and exclusively with nitrogen, mineral or organic:

• Mineral nitrogen fertilizers are used according to the instructions. In spring, they are brought directly into the trunk circle, after digging the soil to a depth of 10 cm, around the trunk the soil is loosened to a depth of 5-7 cm, so as not to injure the roots. After that, the tree is abundantly watered.
• Organics - humus or compost - is brought into the near-stem circle, covering a tree with a layer of 3-4 cm.

Usually, in the instructions for mineral agrochemicals, calculations are given for 1 m². At the same time, the root system of a pear at the age of 2-4 years reaches about 5 m², and for a tree of 6-8 years it is 10 m².

//plodorod.net/rasteniya/chem-podkarmlivat-grushu/#i-3

Starting from the age of five, the pear is fed like an adult tree.

Video: feeding pears in spring

Summer dressing

To ensure proper nutrition of the pear in the summer, it is necessary to carry out several dressings. Early and mid-ripening varieties begin to feed in the last decade of June, and then in July, and later - 15 days later.

Summer top-dressing of a pear is carried out in the foliar way. Spraying foliage promotes faster absorption of nutrients than with traditional root top dressing.

In the summer, foliar feeding is preferred.

If the summer turned out to be cold, spraying will also correct the situation. At temperatures below + 12 ° C, the delicate root system of the pear delivers nutrients more slowly. The same process occurs when moisture stagnates in an excessively rainy summer.

//plodorod.net/rasteniya/chem-podkarmlivat-grushu

In the first summer dressing, substances rich in nitrogen contribute. Most often, a urea solution is used for this. It not only nourishes the tree with nitrogen, but also strengthens the immune system, is the prevention of many diseases and pests.

The second top dressing in the summer is carried out no earlier than 15 days after the last foliar top dressing. At this time, the formation of fruits occurs, which is associated with an increased need of the plant for potassium and phosphorus. These elements are responsible for the size, sugar content and duration of storage of fruits. To replenish them, use one of the fertilizers:

• potassium sulfate;
• phosphorite flour;
• superphosphate.

Phosphoric fertilizers are applied together with potash fertilizers, for example, potassium sulfate. At the same time, fertilizers containing trace elements can be used:

• boron;
• magnesium;
• copper;
• zinc;
• iron and others

In the summer period, it is important to carefully monitor the condition of the trees in the garden - the growth of shoots, the size and shape of the fruit, the appearance of the leaf blade, etc. Any changes can be associated with a lack of trace elements, in this case, they are immediately fed with the necessary compounds.

Table: external signs of a lack of macro- and microelements in feeding pears

Trees are sprayed in the morning or evening with dry and calm weather. Since solutions with a small concentration of fertilizers are used, they have a short effect. To achieve the desired effect, you need to carry out 2-3 dressings with an interval of 8-10 days.

Table: dosage of fertilizers for foliar feeding pears

Excess or deficiency of certain elements can cause a serious disease of the pear, so the nutrition of any plants should be balanced.

To increase the efficiency of spraying, before or immediately after the procedure, the tree is well shed with water.

Autumn top dressing

During this period, top dressing is needed in order to replenish the nutrients consumed during vegetative growth, as well as to increase the winter hardiness of the tree. The most favorable period is from the end of September to the beginning of November. The amount of fertilizer applied directly depends on the age of the tree and the development of the root system.

A reference point for autumn top dressing of a pear can be yellowing of foliage. If the crown 1/3 turned yellow, then it is time to carry out fertilizer application.

//plodorod.net/rasteniya/chem-podkarmlivat-grushu/

During this period, nitrogen fertilizing is excluded, including organic - manure, compost or peat.

When feeding pears in the fall, mineral fertilizers are used that contain phosphorus and potassium. The composition of the mineral mixture in the autumn digging is 30 g of granular superphosphate / 15 g of potassium chloride / 150 ml of wood ash per 1 m².

Procedure:

1. Before fertilizing the pear, the soil is abundantly shed with water - 20 l (2 buckets) of water per 1 m².
   

   Before fertilizing the tree is watered with water

2. Fertilizers are introduced into the area of ​​the near-stem circle for digging or into grooves with a depth of about 20-30 cm dug around the perimeter of the crown.
3. The trunk circle is watered abundantly.
4. On poor, humus-free soils, the trunk circle is mulched with peat and humus, taken in equal proportions. The mulch layer should be at least 15-20 cm, in winter it will protect the root system of the pear from freezing.
   

   On soils depleted in humus, the trunk circle for the winter is mulched to a height of up to 20 cm

When preparing liquid top dressing, wood ash is excluded: superphosphate with potassium salt is dissolved in 10 l of water and introduced into the prepared grooves. Dry wood ash is dug up in the area of ​​the trunk circle to a depth of 20 cm.

Checking soil moisture is easy. If the earth, compressed in the palm of your hand, turns into a cake, there is enough moisture for the plant.

Properly conducted regular top dressing will allow you to grow a healthy tree and annually receive a harvest of delicious pear fruits.