Most garden plots use deciduous trees. Some are planted for decorative purposes, others, fruitful, in order to obtain a rich harvest.
Leafy garden crops include flowering trees and shrubs. These plants appeared later than conifers. Also read an article on conifers. Fruits on the branches are formed as a result of the development of the ovary.
Deciduous trees vary in type of foliage, wood properties, and cultural value. Also, some breeds are used to make spices.
Deciduous trees
Deciduous trees are a necessary attribute for garden compositions. In winter and summer, their structure is different.
Oak
Oak is a plant found from the north to the subtropics.
Several species also grow in the tropical strip.
In total, there are about 600 species.
Three types of oak are widespread in Russia: English oak in the European part, rocky in the Caucasus and Mongolian in the Far East.
| View | Description | Leaves |
| Petiole | It grows in all European territories up to the Urals. Photophilous long-lived plant, reaching 40 m in height. Prefers moist soil. Planting from acorns is carried out in the fall or late spring. | Oblong, with small petioles, dense, green. |
| Red | A low North American tree (up to 25 m), preferring light areas with moderate humidity. Life expectancy is up to 2000 years. Resistant to disease, not susceptible to pests. The crown is thick, tent-like. | After blooming, red, later green. Autumn saturated brown or brown. |
| Mongolian | It grows to 30 m. In the coastal zone is low, shrubby. Resistant to cold and strong winds. | Dense, with a small petiole, tapering to the base. |
Acacia
Acacia originated on the North American continent, but is currently distributed throughout the globe.
Height up to 25 m, but shrubby trees are often found.
| View | Description | Leaves |
| Streetwear | Heat-loving, easily tolerates dry summers, but does not winter well at low temperatures. The flowers are fragrant, white, up to 20 cm. | Unpaired, dark green shades. |
| Golden | Bushy, up to 9-12 m. Inflorescences are white or yellow. Flowering occurs at the end of spring or the first weeks of summer. | Light green, yellowing in autumn. |
| Silk (Lankaran) | Low tree (6-9 m) with a spreading crown. It blooms in mid-summer, the flowers are white and pink. | Openwork, late blooms and stays on the tree until November. |
Birch
One of the most common trees in Russia is birch.
In Slavic culture, products from this plant were endowed with magical properties. In folk and traditional medicine, buds, leaves, tree bark are used. Birch sap also has healing properties.
About 120 species of this tree are found in nature. Some of them are dwarf, others grow up to 20 m or more. Birches can be a good addition to the landscape design of the territory.
| View | Description | Leaves |
| Dwarf | Western European shrub plant growing in the tundra zone, alpine foothills, marshy areas. Hardy, winters well in cold weather. | Round, often the width exceeds the length. |
| Marsh | The bark is white, turns gray over time. Height is up to 20 m. Branches are always directed up. He likes moist areas with low sand content in the ground. | Elliptical, small, bright green. |
| Weeping | An elegant plant with a dense umbrella crown and branches pointing down. Unpretentious, resistant to cold winters. | Round, dark green, small. |
Maple
Maple is a long-lived tree with beautiful foliage, effectively changing color with the onset of autumn. Maple leaf is depicted on the national flag of Canada.
The main part of the species is of medium height, but there are also shrubby forms. Several varieties of evergreen maples also grow in the Mediterranean.
| View | Description | Leaves |
| Field (plain) | A tree with a straight or slightly curved trunk, developed root system. It takes root well in urban environments. | Bright green, five-lobed; in autumn, the color changes to yellow, orange, brown, reddish. |
| Globular | A decorative subspecies of maple, bred to decorate parks, alleys, and home gardens. The natural shape of the crown is spherical, does not require pruning. | Sharp, five-lobed, glossy. |
| Red | Popular in Japan, but suitable for growing in the climate of central Russia. | Red, in some species purple or bluish. |
Linden
Linden is a plant of the family malvaceae, which is often planted in cities.
It takes root well in parks. Prefers moist soils, temperate and subtropical climatic zones.
| View | Description | Leaves |
| Large leaf | Distributed in Central Russia, has a widely pyramidal crown. Prefers shaded areas. | Oval, dark green, the underside of the leaf lighter than the top. |
| Crimean | Suitable for cold regions, unpretentious. Inflorescences are small, yellow-white. | Heart-shaped, deep green. |
| Small-leaved | It blooms in July for about a month. It can grow in the sun and in the shade. | Small, heart-shaped, with reddish corners. |
Willow
Imprints of ancient willows are found on the rocks of the Cretaceous period.
Today there are more than 550 varieties of this plant, some of which grow in the harsh climate of the Arctic. Most common in cool areas.
| View | Description | Leaves |
| Rod-shaped | A small tree with thin, long branches. Flowering occurs in early to mid-spring. | Elongated (up to 20 cm), thin, with soft silky hair on the surface. |
| Silver | Slow-growing shrub plant. | Pointed oval, small, with a silvery sheen. |
| Weeping | Grows in Europe, has a conical crown with branches down. In the spring, greenish, slightly silver earrings form on the trees. Easily takes root in cities, loves open and bright places. | Narrow, shiny, bluish. |
Alder
In the myths of the Komi people, the alder was revered as a sacred tree, and in Ireland cutting down this plant was considered a crime.
Up to 40 species of alder are found in the world, most of which grow in temperate climates.
| View | Description | Leaves |
| Green | A bushy plant, the habitat of which is western Europe and the Carpathian mountains. It is possible to grow on garden plots with sandy, clay soil. Suitable for latitudes with cold winters. | Small, ovoid, pointed. |
| Golden | It grows to 20 m. The crown is round, sometimes conical. Arid climate does not tolerate well. | Green-golden, turning yellow by autumn. |
| Siberian | It grows in the Far East, preferring zones near rivers or coniferous forests. There are both trees and shrubs. It tolerates severe frosts, does not bloom. | Bright green, small, with pointed ends. |
Elm
A tall, sprawling tree found in deciduous forests. According to scientists, the first elms appeared on Earth more than 40 million years ago.
Now these plants can be seen in southern forests and parks, in the middle lane. Suitable for growing in gardens.
| View | Description | Leaves |
| Thick | It is found in Central Asian forests. Some trees grow up to 30 m. It easily tolerates dry weather, but growth accelerates in moist soil. | Leathery, green, with serrated edges. |
| Brave | Has a spreading crown, prefers the steppe zone. | Dense, marsh green, unequal, up to 12 cm in length. |
| Elm Androsova | A hybrid variety of elm that is cultivated in Asian countries. It has a spreading spherical crown. | Ovoid, unequal, painted in dark green. |
Poplar
Poplars are tall, fast-growing trees that adapt well to cities. They grow in the temperate latitudes of America, Asia and Europe.
The life span of these plants usually does not exceed 150 years. Many people develop an allergy to poplar fluff (soft hairs from a seed box), so only male trees should be planted in the garden area.
| View | Description | Leaves |
| White | Unpretentious, well tolerates heat and cold. Has a wide, slightly rounded crown. | In young trees, they resemble maple trees, later they acquire an ovoid shape. Dense, with a long stalk. |
| Fragrant | Asian tree resistant to severe frosts. Does not take root in cities. | Leathery, oval, up to 10 cm long. |
| Large leaf | A sun-loving plant, but loving moist soil. It easily tolerates frosts and dry summers. For decorative purposes, planted due to unusual foliage. | Large (up to 25 cm), hard, glossy, heart-shaped. |
Ash
In ancient times, ash was revered as a male plant, so weapons were often made from its wood. Sports equipment, furniture, musical instruments are made from this tree. Fruits and bark are used in medicine.
It grows rapidly and can reach a height of 60 m. The root system is very wide, going deep underground.
| View | Description | Leaves |
| Ordinary | Inflorescences do not represent decorative value, but the tree can be used for landscaping parks and boulevards. | Green, five-pointed, complex shape. In autumn they do not have time to change color to yellow, they fall quickly. |
| White | A small, slow-growing tree with a rounded crown. In the spring it is covered with fragrant flowers, looks spectacular in parks. | Oblong, ovoid, green. |
Hornbeam
Broad-leaved tree, characteristic of European and Asian forests.
It features a cylindrical crown, fits perfectly into the garden plots. The height does not exceed 20 m, and the life expectancy of about 150 years.
| View | Description | Leaves |
| Pyramidal | Cone-shaped tree with a spreading crown (up to 8 m), growing up to 20 m. | They are egg-shaped, up to 10 cm long and 6 cm wide. |
| East | A low, often bushy hornbeam found in Asia and the Caucasus. Heat-loving, not adapted for cold wintering. | Oval, pointed, glossy. Autumn color change to lemon color. |
| Hearty | It grows in the Far Eastern region. Resistant to strong gusts of wind. Unpretentious to the soil. | Light green, ovoid, changing color by September to brown or red. |
Horse chestnut
Horse chestnut is the tree that grows best in deep and fertile soil. All varieties are excellent honey plants.
Horse chestnut has been used since ancient times in medicine.
The most common are tall varieties of wood that are not suitable for small garden plots. However, there are dwarf species that can be used in landscape design.
| View | Description | Leaves |
| Small flowered | Shrub plant, whose homeland is the United States. Height up to 4 m, width 4-5 m. | Large (up to 22 cm in length), five-lobed, light green, turning yellow by autumn. |
| Pavia (red) | Slow-growing tall shrub with light bark and dense crown. It features bright inflorescences of wine-red hues. | Five-lobed, with a serrated edge and clear veins. |
Fruit
Among fruit plants, deciduous trees and shrubs, as well as evergreens, are found. 
Plum
There are hundreds of varieties of fruit plants in the world. 
Cherry
Apple trees, plums and cherries are traditionally grown in Russian regions, but some other trees are also frost-resistant and take root well in the middle lane.
Irga
This plant perfectly tolerates the harsh winters of Siberia and does not require troublesome care. Berries of a berryberry are high in vitamin C, acids, tannins.
To obtain a rich harvest, irgi are planted in an open, sunny place, keeping the distance between the bushes at least 3 m.
Hazel
Hazel is also known as hazel. Unpretentious, sun-loving shrub bearing fruit in late summer or early fall. Hazelnuts are called hazelnuts.
They have high nutritional value, contain valuable oils and are rich in trace elements. To increase the yield, a transplant is carried out every two years.
Hawthorn
Deciduous bush, less often a low tree. Often hawthorn is grown for decorative purposes, but its fruits are widely used in medicine.
They regulate the work of the heart, help fight shortness of breath and are useful in diseases of the thyroid gland.
Honeysuckle
In the world there are more than 200 species of honeysuckle. In the wild, it grows in Asian regions. These plants are trees and shrubs.
Garden honeysuckle is often used for decorative purposes.
Plum, cherry, bird cherry, sweet cherry
These plants are distinguished by beautiful flowering and white or white-pink flowers. 
Bird cherry
They prefer sunny and open places. In the spring they add sophistication and freshness to the garden, and their fruits are widely used in cooking. 
Sweet cherry
Elder
The most common species is black elderberry, but Marginata and Aurea are more suitable for garden plots.
Elderberry is planted in a sunny place or in light partial shade, propagated by cuttings.
Rowan
Mountain ash is a low tree of the Yablonev family, common in Europe and North America. Up to 100 species are counted, but in Russia the common mountain ash is most often found.
It does not require complicated care, it looks spectacular both in summer and in autumn. Berries contain trace elements (potassium, copper, iron, zinc, magnesium), vitamins, sugars and amino acids.
Apple tree
In Russian gardens you can find various varieties of apple trees - with white, red, pink fruits. The flowering period is in April or May.
Apple trees are propagated by acquiring new trees that are planted in an open and sunny place.
Peach
Peach cultivation is quite painstaking, and the life span of this plant is short. They are not suitable for the Moscow region and all central regions.
Peach grows in warm latitudes, giving color at the beginning of the year - in January or February. Flowering of the tree begins before the first leaves bloom.
Evergreen deciduous plants
In the design of home gardens, coniferous or evergreen deciduous trees are also used. Today there are many varieties of trees and shrubs that are capable of decorating the site with their fresh and bright crown for a whole year.
Rhododendron
More than 600 species of rhododendron grow in the world, some of which are deciduous, and some are evergreen. One of the most popular genera is azalea.
Azaleas are thermophilic, require careful care, they need acidic soil and regular fertilizers.
Boxwood
Slow-growing unpretentious plant, growing in Russia mainly on the Black Sea coast.
One of the oldest shrubs used for landscaping. Since boxwood easily tolerates pruning, it is well suited for creating hedges and sculptural compositions.
Euonymus
A small tree with an openwork crown and small leaves that are painted in bright and unusual colors in autumn
There are also large varieties, the crown of which can reach 10 m. In the decoration of sites, dwarf and creeping varieties are often used, effectively braiding fences and hedges.
Magnolia
An ancient plant that appeared in the Cretaceous period. The natural habitat is East Asia and North America.
Wild magnolia grows on the Russian island of Kunashir.In the southern regions, it is used for landscaping cities, planted in private areas.
The difference between deciduous and coniferous
Deciduous plants differ from conifers not only in leaf structure and propagation characteristics. There are conifers, the leaves of which do not resemble needle-like needles, and some of them (for example, larch) do not belong to evergreens, so it is not always easy to determine the type of plant.
The main differences:
- There are many classes of deciduous plants, while conifers are combined into one class. Earlier, yews were allocated to the second group, but now scientists have abandoned this division.
- Coniferous plants are much older and lack a flowering stage. They are always either male or female.
- Deciduous easier to adapt to various climatic conditions, able to grow in the most severe and arid regions.
Despite the existing differences, both types are able to exist next to each other, so they are often combined during the design of the site. Popular ornamental conifers - cypress, cedar, thuja, juniper.
Mr. Summer resident informs: deciduous trees in the landscape
Trees are an integral part of landscape design. On a homestead, an exotic magnolia variety, as well as an ordinary aspen or alder, can look spectacular.
To properly draw up a site, you should follow simple rules:
- The height of the tree should correspond to the area of the garden.
- Oak, elm and other large species have deep roots, so they can drastically dry the ground.
- The shape of the crown can emphasize or violate the grace of architecture. Creating the design of the territory, take into account the peculiarities of the growth of branches.
Most deciduous plants do not require complicated maintenance, but they can revitalize the garden and make the site elegant and unusual.
