Trollius (Trollius) belongs to the family Ranunculaceae. It grows in Europe, throughout Asia, except for the southern parts, in North America. The genus has about 30 species. 20 of them are growing in Russia, and not all of them are suitable for cultivation.
Bathhouse, a description of the culture
There are several versions of where the name of the plant came from:
- Trollius comes from the German trollblume, the literal translation is the flower of trolls. According to ancient legends, the trollius was very fond of these mythical creatures.
- Trulleus in Latin means a rounded vessel, a cup.
- Translated from the Old German troll - ball.
The Russian name is associated with the habitat of the leotard. She prefers wet places.
This is a perennial herbaceous plant, reaching 0.5-1 m. The stems are erect, branched in some species. The root system is well developed. The leaves are dark green, maple-shaped. Grow at the base and on the top of the shoot.
1-2 large spherical flowers are located on one stem. Petals are golden yellow, glossy. Corolla of 5-20 sepals, arranged helically, overlapping adjacent ones. The buds are half-open or open, with thin, linear nectaries.
All varieties are melliferous. Flowering from late spring to autumn. After this (about a month later) the sepals fall off. In their place, the formation of spherical fertility begins. Seeds are small, dark, with a glossy surface.
When flowering exudes a fragrance of freshness. The plant is poisonous, its juice is capable of causing burns to the skin or mucous membranes. Actions with the flower should be done with gloves. And also make sure that children and pets do not approach him.
Popular varieties of swimsuits
Only some varieties are cultivated:
| View | Description | Flowers / period of their appearance |
| European | Up to 1 m. In the axils of stem green there are shoots with small flowers. It is listed in the Red Book. | Up to 5 cm, from pale yellow to golden lemon. Sepals are bright orange, identical in size to the petals. May June. |
| Asian | Up to 0.8 m. There are rare shoots on the stem. | Up to 5 cm, reddish-scarlet. Nectaries expanded up. The end of spring-mid-summer. |
| Altai | Up to 90 cm, there are low-growing varieties up to 20 cm. | Up to 6 cm, single, semi-open. Orange or golden sepals are 2 times longer than rusty petals. May June. |
| Ledebour | Up to 0.7 m. | Up to 8 cm, open, with wide, oval rust-colored petals. The second decade of summer. |
| The highest | The highest variety, reaching 1.5 m. The leaves are collected in a rosette 60 cm high. | Located on a branched inflorescence. Up to 6 cm, greenish amber. May June. |
| Chinese | Rare view. The plates are sealed, cut along the perimeter. | Single, open and half open. Reddish petals are thin, elongated. July August. |
| Dwarf | Short, no more than 30 cm. | Flat, bright lemon, in some varieties with a reddish tint. The end of spring is the first decade of summer. |
| Large petal | Up to 1 m | Large, with orange, open petals. June. |
| Purple | A undersized species that is rarely cultivated. | Purple, with amber stamens on peduncles up to 10 cm. July. |
| Half open | Low, up to 0.3 m. The stem is erect, branched. | Golden, on underdeveloped pedicels, lengthening when the fruit ripens. Petals narrowed, linear, half-open. July August. |
Leotard landing in the open ground
If the plant is grown from seeds, they first need to undergo stratification:
- In the fall, sow.
- Transfer to a cool room and leave until spring.
- In late March and early April, you can observe the first shoots.
There is another way to stratify:
- Mix the freshly collected seeds with wet sand.
- Pour the mixture into a plastic bag.
- Place in the refrigerator in the compartment for vegetables (+ 2 ... +4 ° ะก).
- Hold for 3-4 months.
- Sow in March.
- Keep at +20 ° C.
- Shoots will rise in late April-mid-May.
Care for seedlings before planting in open ground:
- Protect from direct sunlight, regularly moisten the soil mixture.
- Transplant after the formation of 2 true leaves.
- When picking, leave 0.8-1 cm.
Landing at a permanent place is carried out in August:
- Dig holes at a distance of 30-40 cm corresponding to the size of the roots.
- Move shoots along with an earthen lump.
- Flowering can be observed for 3-4 years.
Caring for a leotard in the garden
In order for the plant to develop well, preserving decorativeness, favorable conditions for maintenance must be created for it:
| Factor | Recommendations |
| Location | Plots with diffused sunlight. For example, next to sprawling bushes, trees. |
| The soil | Light, nutritious soil: medium or light loamy, with a large amount of humus, neutral acidity. If the land is poor, make peat and humus in equal proportions. This helps to absorb and retain moisture. On 1 sq.m. 5 kg of the mixture are needed. |
| Top dressing | Fertilizers are used in small dosages:
Do in early May and before flowering. |
| Watering | During the vegetative period, the earth should always be wet, but care must be taken to prevent fluid stagnation. With a lack or excess of moisture, the plant will cease to bloom and grow. Watered with settling water, heated in the sun. In the morning, a bucket of liquid is placed on the site, and in the evening they are watered. |
| Wintering | A distinctive feature of the plant is frost resistance. It calmly tolerates the cold. Before winter dormancy, the aerial part is cut off, leaving only 3 cm. |
| Other care | The top layer of the earth is periodically renewed, adding fertile soil to the base. After the petals fall, the flower stalks are cut to reappear buds. |
Reproduction and transplantation
Growing from seeds is a long and complex process, gardeners rarely use it. The preferred method of dividing the curtain.
Healthy, strong plants, 5-6 years old, are suitable for reproduction.
A transplant is done every 5 years, in late August and early September. Stage process:
- Carefully remove the mother bush, clean from the ground, rinse.
- Divide the disinfected pointed knife into parts so that several rosette stems with roots remain on the divide.
- Slices should be treated with potassium permanganate solution or wood ash.
- Place the petioles in the landing pits located at a distance of 0.3-0.4 m from each other.
- The root neck is buried by 20-30 mm.
- Remove greens from delenok. Young foliage can be observed after 10-14 days.
Prevention and pest control
The leotard practically does not get sick, insects rarely conduct life on it. To minimize the likelihood of damage, in the spring they are treated with ashes and watered with nitrogen-containing fertilizers. Subsequently, they switch to complex mixtures. Before the growing season, it is recommended to spray Epin. In order to prevent fungal infections in the fall, you need to remove old leaves.
Rarely, in the absence of care, a swimsuit can get sick:
| Disease / pest | Signs | Control measures |
| Septoria |
|
|
| Smut |
| Use preparations Treasure, Ferazim. |
| Nematodes |
| Apply poisons Phosphamide, Heterophos, Lindane. |
The place of the leotard in landscape design
Low-growing varieties are suitable for the design of rocky slides. Long-edged varieties adorn the edges, lawn corners, and areas near water bodies.
The leotard is planted singly or in combination with:
- delphinium;
- primrose;
- cornflowers;
- irises and other garden flowers of heavenly, violet, canary, orange tones.
The plant looks beautiful in a motley composition: a dwarf leotard in the foreground, behind tall bushes that bloom at the same time as a trollius (for example, lilac).
The use of a swimsuit in traditional medicine
Despite the fact that the flower is poisonous, it has medicinal properties. In traditional medicine, it is used to treat many diseases:
- pathological conditions of the liver and gastrointestinal tract;
- abscesses, tumors, swelling;
- diarrhea;
- dropsy;
- scabies;
- epileptic seizures;
- menstruation problems;
- angina pectoris and other heart diseases;
- cancer and precancerous conditions;
- blood diseases.
Folk remedies from a flower have contraindications and adverse reactions. Before using them, you need to talk with your doctor. If he approves an unconventional treatment, it is necessary to clearly follow the recipe to avoid poisoning. The poison of a leotard can cause serious problems with the brain, severe burns, severe intoxication.
