Forest meat, as a joke called mushrooms. Their benefits are undeniable, but before going to the forest you need to stock up on luggage of knowledge about these unusual inhabitants. After all, along with edible mushrooms, there are also life-threatening ones.
Know their properties, differences - it is important not to harm health.
Groups of poisonous mushrooms
Mushrooms are divided into groups depending on what symptoms they cause:
- digestive tract intoxication;
- damage to the central nervous system;
- fatal outcome.
Description of dangerous mushrooms
It is important to know how poisonous mushrooms look, and to be able to distinguish them from edible ones, under which they are often masked.
Important! Photos in the table are clickable. Click to enlarge.
| Title | Description | Duration and area of growth | Similarity to edible and distinguishing feature | Photos for distinction |
| Death cap | Hat: color is yellow-brown, pale green, greenish-olive. The shape is flat, or with a slight rounding, in young - ovoid. Under it there are white plates. The leg is long, extended to the base, on top is a durable white ring. | Aug. Sept. Mixed, deciduous forests. Europe, Asia, North America, the middle zone of Russia. | Champignon, greenfinch. Plate under the hat: |  |
| Red fly agaric | Hat: the color is bright red, may be orange. The shape is flat in adults, rounded in small ones. On the surface there is a scattering of white growths, which is washed off by rain. Leg long, white, fleshy, ring-shaped film at the top. | August - October Mixed forests, birch, spruce. The temperate climate of the Northern Hemisphere, Europe, Asia, Australia, in Russia is ubiquitous. | Caesar. Hat, leg and plates: Caesar's - smooth, yellow; in red - it is covered with white growths, white. |  |
| White fly agaric | White color. The hat is round for young people, half open for adults, up to 10 cm, with a small fringe at the edges. The leg is similar to a fibrous cylinder, with a swollen base, a wide ring at the top. Has the smell of bleach. | June August. Wet coniferous and deciduous forests. Warm temperate regions. | The float is gray. Ring and unpleasant smell: in the fly agaric - there is, in the float - are absent. |  |
| Galerina edged | The cap and stem are yellow and brown; the young have a membrane ring. With age, the hat becomes flatter and darker. | June - October Coniferous forests. Northern Hemisphere, Continental Asia, Australia, Caucasus. | Honey agaric autumn, summer. The gallery has a darker hat, without scales. |  |
| Sulfur yellow honey mushrooms | Hats: gray-yellow color, reddish in the center. The form is small (no more than 7 cm). Leg light, smooth, fibrous. The color of the pulp is light yellow, the taste is bitter, and the smell is unpleasant. | June - October. Large clusters on rotten wood. Eurasia, North America, throughout Russia. | Honey agaric autumn, winter, summer, gray-lamellar. Edible - there is an annular film on the leg, the plates under the hat are always light. Not edible - the plates are gray-yellow in color, darkens over time, no film. |  |
| Brick Red Honey agarics | Hat: bright orange, red-brick. The shape of the hemisphere, then flat. Edges with whitish residual fibers. Leg up to 10 cm, top yellow, bottom brownish. Above you can see the ring. | June - October. Crowded groups on stumps, deadwood, remaining from deciduous trees. Eurasia, North America, throughout Russia. | Honey agaric autumn, winter, summer. Edible - there is an annular film on the leg, the plates under the hat (tubular layer) are always light. Not edible - the plates are white and pink, quickly acquire a dark brown color with a purple tint, there is no film. |  |
| Satanic | Hat: dirty white, fleshy consistency. The lower part is yellow, after a while it is red. The leg is thick, resembling a keg. The pulp is white, pink closer to the base. The smell is pleasant in young people, putrid in adults. | June - September. Deciduous forests with calcareous soil. South of Europe, the European part of Russia, the Caucasus, the Middle East. | White. Pulp: white - white; in Satanic - with a cut, red, then blue. |  |
| Gall | Hat: the color is yellow, gray, less chestnut brown or yellow, light, less dark brown. The shape is hemispherical, with time flatter. Leg yellowish, mesh structure of dark brown stripes. The pulp is light, when it cuts it turns red, but sometimes it does not change color, it is bitter, odorless. | June - October. Coniferous, deciduous forests. It grows in forested areas on all continents. | White, boletus. Mesh on the leg: in white - lighter than the main, in bile - darker. |  |
| Fiberglass | The hat is cone-shaped, with radial cracks and scales, earthen color. Leg whitish color, reddish in adults. The plates are pale brown, brown. | Aug. Sept. Deciduous, coniferous forests. The European part of Russia, Western Europe, the Caucasus, East Asia, North America, North Africa. | Champignon (only young). Ring on the leg: the champignon has, the fiber has no. The color of the spore powder: champignon - dark brown-purple, fibrous - yellow-brown. |  |
| Govorushka orange (false fox) | Hat: orange, copper red. Funnel shape with a smooth edge. The foot narrows to the base, up to 10 cm. The pulp is white-yellow, the smell is sweetish, unpleasant. | July - October. Coniferous, small-leaved forests. The European part of Russia, Siberia, Primorsky Territory. | Chanterelle. Color, hat, leg, smell: the chanterelle has bright yellow, concave, smooth, with wavy edges, dense elastic consistency, pleasant smell; in a talker - brighter, reaching up to red, smooth edges, hollow, thin, broken, gives off white color, a bad smell. |  |
| Pepper | Hat: color from light brown to red-brown. The shape is round-convex, with age becomes flatter; up to 7 cm. Leg: the color is lighter than that of the leg. The shape of a cylinder narrowed to the base. | July - October. Coniferous pine forests, less often spruce, mixed, deciduous. Europe, the European part of Russia, the North Caucasus, Siberia, the Urals, the Far East, the island of Tasmania. | Flywheel, oily. Hat: edible - light brown, inedible - darker, reddish. |  |
| Brilliant spider web | Hat: the color is gray-, green-yellow, with yellow-brown spotting or a darker middle. The shape is initially hemispherical, convex with age, and mucus is present. The plates are firmly pressed to the leg, yellow with a greenish or orange tint. | Aug. Sept. Coniferous and mixed forest. Europe, Penza region. | Greenfinch. The greenfinch hat is more convex, the color does not have a yellow tint. |  |
| Pig | Hat: color dirty yellow, gray-brown. The shape is flat with rounded edges and a concave middle, wavy at the edges. The flesh is pink, on the cut it quickly darkens. | July - October. Deciduous, mixed, coniferous forests. In a forested area everywhere. | Gruzdy. The flesh is light, the slice remains light over time. |  |
Additional Information About Poisonous Mushrooms
There is still some information to keep in mind.
Death cap
The most dangerous representative. Heat treatment does not destroy its toxic properties. Symptoms of poisoning occur only on the second day and, as a rule, lead to death.
Even if by chance a toadstool touches a good mushroom, its poison impregnates it all.
Red fly agaric
In the family of fly agaric there are many species that are not poisonous: lonely, ovoid, gray-pink. This species is a deadly poisonous mushroom.
Satanic
This mushroom, so similar to white, is even considered conditionally edible, after prolonged soaking and long heat treatment. But the toxins that it contains may partially remain, so it’s better not to risk your health.
Galerina edged
The mushroom used to be distributed only in mountainous areas, but now it is increasingly mastering the middle zone of Russia.
Symptoms are similar to pale grebe poisoning. Manifest only on the second day. On the third, there may come a visible improvement, but the destructive process continues. In no case do not self-medicate.
It is also possible to distinguish a gallery from honey mushrooms by drying. At the same time, it fades, unlike edible ones.
Pig
This mushroom caused controversy until the 80s of the 20th century. Now it is recognized as dangerous. The toxin located in the sows gradually accumulates in the body, so its negative effects do not occur immediately.
Red-brick honey agaric
The mushroom, which, like the pig, caused a lot of controversy. In Russia, from poisonous was transferred to the category of conditionally edible. And in Europe, Canada - to edible.
Measures to Avoid Poisoning
If there is uncertainty about mushrooms, there are two methods to prevent unpleasant consequences, the following steps must be done:
- Wash, boil for half an hour, drain, rinse several more times, it is better if the water is running. Repeat steps two to three times. Toxic substances leave with a decoction.
- Rinse, cut, string on a thread, hang in a warm, ventilated room, dry. Do not do this on radiators or stoves. Toxins evaporate.
These methods do not work on pale grebe.
Poisoning Actions
At the first symptoms of poisoning, you must call a doctor.
Before his arrival, first aid must be provided:
- Rinse the stomach: drinking a large amount of water (more than a liter) or strong tea; causing vomiting (by pressing the tongue as close to the root as possible).
- Lie down.
- If there is no diarrhea, take laxatives (1-2 g per 1 kg of weight).
- Drink activated charcoal (0.5-1 g per 1 kg).
- Put the heating pad in the legs, to the stomach (to improve blood circulation).
Save the mushrooms for an accurate diagnosis.
